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Key: The numbers are in chronological order of observation; the different shades of placemark also provide a rough indication of chronology with the palest yellow signalling observations in the 15th century to the deepest orange signalling observations in the 20th century. Details of these encounters and full references can be found at the literature review table linked here: https://www.futurepasts.net/khoe-nama-flute-music.

1. 1487, Vasco da Gama and ‘Hottentots’, possibly ‘Gouriqua’, Säo Bras, Mossel Bay;

2. 1622, Portuguese crew of shipwrecked João Baptista, and ‘most likely Gonaqua Hottentots’, Keiskamer river mouth;

3. 1685, Expedition of Cape Governor Simon van der Stel and ‘Amacquas’, near Garies;

4. 1695, Gravenbroeck in ‘neighbourhood of Cape Town’;

5. 1711, Abraham Bogaert and ‘Cape Hottentots’ in Table Bay;

6. 1761-2, Hendrik Hop / Carel Brink expedition, ‘Namaqua’, specifically ‘Cabona’ – ǁHabobes at foot of ǁKharas mountain;

7. 1778, William Paterson and ‘Hottentots’, foothills of Kamiesberg;

8. 1778-79, Hendrik Jacob Wikar and ‘Kouringais’ / ‘Little Karokkoa’, i.e. ‘Little Kora(na)’;

9. 1837, James Edward Alexander and ‘Great Namaqua’ under Chief Kuisip, at Nanebis;

10. 1837, James Edward Alexander and Nama and ‘Bergdama’ reed flute dance at Niais, near present-day Rehoboth;

11. 1855, Zerwick (missionary) and ‘Springbok’ and ‘Cat’ tribes of Korana Hottentots at Pniel;

12. 1858, Rev. C.F. Wuras and ‘Korana Hottentots’, Berlin Mission at Bethany;

13. ca. 1880, George William Stow and ‘Bush-people’ looking at drawings of rock art dances Stow identifies as a ‘reed dance’;

14. 1884, Hans Schinz and ‘Nama’ at Ganab;

15. 1894, Von François and ‘Nama’, |Aeǁgams / Windhoek;

16. 1911-3, 1922-3, anthropologist Winifred Hoernlé and ‘Little Namaqua’, ‘Bondelzwartz’, ‘Rooi Natie’, ‘Topnaar’, ‘Zwartboys’, in the Nama Reserve;

17. 1911-3, 1922-3, anthropologist Winifred Hoernlé and ‘Zwartboys’ Nama, Franzfontein Reserve;

18. 1912-3, Richtersveld Nama, anthropologist Winifred Hoernlé;

19. 1928, Meinhof and ‘Korana’, at Pniel;

20. 1932, Carl Berger and ‘Hottentots’ / ‘ǂGowab’ and ‘|Awa gowab sān’ or ‘Red-Dunes-Bushmen’ living between the ‘Hottentots’ along the Auob River;

21. 1932, ethnomusicologists Percival Kirby and L.F. Maingard and ‘remnants of the Links Tribe of the Korana Hottentots’;

22. 1932, Percival Kirby records Nama flutists in Windhoek;

23. 1953, writer and traveller Lawrence Green and Sesfontein Nama [he labels them ‘Hottentots’];

24. ? ‘Gibeon Nama’, Sigrid Schmidt;

25. 1979, John and Jill Kinahan, and Antje Otto of the State Museum, record Sesfontein Nama-Damara flute music;

26. 1999, ethnomusicologists Emmanuelle Olivier and Minette Mans record Nama-Damara flute music in Sesfontein.

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